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Public Health Nutr ; 12 : — Normal BMI is , overweight is Not only is BMI important for determining hypertension risk, but fat distribution is as well.

Fat distribution in the abdominal trunk is called abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity is defined by a waist circumference greater than cm 40in for men and 88 cm 35 in for women 9, Abdominal obesity has the greatest influence on whether someone will develop hypertension.

Weight gain was associated with an increased risk of developing hypertension. The relative risks of hypertension in women who gained pounds and those that gained over 55 pounds were 1.

In other words, women that gained more than 55 pounds were three times as likely to become hypertensive as women who had gained less weight.

On the other hand, weight-loss can lead to a significant drop in blood pressure. One study showed that in a four year follow-up of overweight hypertensive patients, a 10 percent weight-loss produced an average of a 4.

Patients with obesity have other significant health risks, and patients with abdominal central or upper body obesity are at the greatest risk. Heart disease risk increases if a person has excess abdominal fat, high blood pressure, high levels of cholesterol in the blood, heart disease, a strong family history of diabetes, is a male or was affected by obesity before age The abnormalities in lipid and glucose metabolism appear to be related to fat distribution and to total body weight, and this is why patients with obesity have a higher rate of diabetes mellitus.

Obesity increases heart disease risk by increasing LDL-cholesterol levels bad cholesterol and reducing HDL-cholesterol levels good cholesterol. This produces atherosclerosis hardening of the heart arteries , which can cause myocardial infarction heart attacks.

Obesity also increases the risk of diabetes by diminishing glucose tolerance and predisposing to the development of left ventricular hypertrophy enlargement of the heart 11, Left ventricular hypertrophy can be produced in patients with obesity because the heart is required to work harder to pump blood throughout the body.

By some estimates, each pound of fat requires approximately a mile of extra blood vessels to supply nutrients and oxygen Obesity and hypertension high blood pressure are intimately connected.

There are 58 to 65 million adults who have hypertension in the United States 1,2. Hypertension is the most common reason for office visits of non-pregnant adults to their physicians and for the use of prescription drugs 3 , and people with obesity are more likely to have hypertension 5.

The percentage of people with obesity in the United States is increasing and in a survey from to , the percentage of people with obesity in the United States was Other medical issues that are associated with obesity include reduced life expectancy, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, gallstones, osteoarthritis, abnormal cholesterol blood lipids , stroke, sleep apnea, cancer colon and prostate in men; uterine and gallbladder cancer in women.

The most important issue to remember is that obesity is associated with hypertension, and hypertension is associated with numerous other diseases that can affect overall health and life expectancy. Anti-hypertension medications should be started if hypertension is diagnosed. But, with weight-loss, a significant fall in blood pressure may permit a decrease in the number of medications taken or decrease the amount of medication taken.

Prevention would be better than any drug. Use lifestyle changes with weight reduction maintaining BMI Weight-loss is the most important step in reducing hypertension and improving quality of life. About the Author: Jaymee Delaney, MD, is an Internal Medicine Physician in Tualatin, Oregon.

She received her medical degree from Oregon Health Sciences University and did her residency at Legacy Hospital Program. She is a member of the Oregon Medical Association, which advocates and supports legislation on obesity issues.

Her personal and professional interest lies with both adult and childhood obesity. Delaney has successfully influenced numerous patients on changing their lifestyles and to pursue healthier habits.

References: 1. Fields, LE, Burt, VL, Cutler, JA, et al. The burden of adult hypertension in the United States to a rising tide. Or, you may need to lose a lot of weight quickly to lower your risk of serious complications. If so, your doctor may also recommend bariatric surgery. According to a review , this is meant to help you lose enough weight.

The American Heart Association advocates for surgery to help treat obesity-related hypertension, especially if you have another related condition or a BMI over Their review of studies showed that high blood pressure was completely resolved in 63 percent of people who had metabolic surgery.

Even more people were able to reduce their use of blood pressure-lowering medication after surgery. A review looked at four types of metabolic surgery currently performed in the United States:. These procedures all reduce the size of your stomach, limiting how much you can eat. Considerable lifestyle changes are key to establishing a moderate weight and maintaining it.

The aim is to reduce fat mass while preserving lean mass. Doctors may advise that people with obesity and hypertension eat a low calorie diet.

According to research , this ranges from to 1, calories per day for men and from to 1, calories per day for women. They should also:. Like adults, children are now far more likely to be overweight or have obesity.

A review found that the rate of obesity among children has tripled since , and estimated that 17 percent of children ages 2 to 19 currently have obesity.

Children with obesity are at increased risk of high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. Obesity is evaluated differently in children than it is in adults. Children up to 20 years old have obesity if they have a BMI at or higher than the 95th percentile for their age and gender.

They have severe obesity if their BMI is greater than or equal to percent of the 95th percentile. As in adults, obesity in children is correlated with higher blood pressure. But children who have high blood pressure may need a larger cuff when measuring their blood pressure.

This is because children often carry their weight in their arms. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends educating children with obesity-related hypertension about how to maintain a moderate weight and healthy lifestyle. They also recommend weight loss for children over 6 years old who have obesity, and weight maintenance only when a growing child is deemed overweight.

Children in a review who lost weight by changing their diet and physical activity patterns, and who received education and counseling, demonstrated a decrease in blood pressure. Obesity and obesity-related hypertension are rapidly increasing among children and adults in the United States.

Obesity causes and worsens high blood pressure in several ways, and doctors usually treat both conditions in tandem. To recover from obesity and related conditions, doctors recommend that adults and children maintain a healthy BMI for their age and gender.

Treatment for obesity and hypertension begins with making key lifestyle changes. Other effective options may include medications and, as a last resort, surgery. For children, doctors and researchers suggest focusing on weight management and education.

Maintaining a moderate weight and managing your blood pressure can contribute to you living a longer, healthier life. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

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How Obesity Can Increase Your Risk for Hypertension and What You Can Do About It. Medically reviewed by Angelica Balingit, MD — By Jennifer M.

Obesity and overweight are common Obesity and hypertension in the United States. According to the Obesitg Heart, Lung, and Insulin pump therapy inclusiveness Institute, hypertejsion 75 percent of all U. adults over 20 years old fall into one of the two categories. Obesity generally describes an increase of fat cells in the body or an increase in their size. It can be caused by:. Diabetic retinopathy causes the summary for Weight-Loss Strategies hypeertension Prevention Obesitty Treatment Allergy management strategies Hypertension. According to a report from Allergy management strategies World Health Organization WHOapproximately 1. In the United States U. has also increased from 87 million adults in to million in In alone, hypertension was a contributor to nearly half a million deaths in the United States.

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Why Obesity Causes Hypertension? - Dr Maran on High Blood Pressure in Obese people